Gabon has adopted a sweeping new law eliminating online anonymity and imposing strict identity requirements on social media users, in a move that strengthens state control over digital activity and raises concerns over privacy and compliance.
The measure, enacted under Ordinance No. 0011/PR/2026 and published this month, requires anyone seeking access to digital platforms in Gabon to provide verified personal information, including their name, address and Personal Identification Number (NIP).
Authorities also mandate that digital service providers verify the identity of users within the country, creating what officials describe as enhanced traceability of online activity.
The reform comes amid broader restrictions on internet access, with social media platforms having faced intermittent limitations for nearly two months under directives from the High Authority of Communication.
Officials say the law is aimed at improving accountability and combating the spread of illegal or harmful content online.
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Under the new framework, users are held fully responsible for content they publish, while those who share or amplify unlawful material can face “joint liability,” expanding the scope of legal responsibility beyond original authors.
The law also places new obligations on administrators of online groups, requiring them to actively moderate discussions and report violations within their communities.
In addition, the ordinance introduces specific provisions governing artificial intelligence and digital content. Authorities require that content generated by automated systems be clearly identified, while banning the use of deepfakes that could harm individuals or mislead the public.
Identity theft involving artificial intelligence tools is classified as an aggravating offence under the law.
The legislation also sets a digital age of majority at 16, requiring parental consent for younger users to access social media. Platforms must implement age verification systems and introduce safeguards to filter sensitive content, including violent or pornographic material.
Enforcement measures are among the most stringent aspects of the reform.
Authorities can order the removal of content or suspension of accounts within 24 hours through judicial procedures, while affected individuals are guaranteed a right of reply within 48 hours.
Financial penalties for non-compliance can reach up to 50 million CFA francs (around $89,000), with prison sentences предусмотрены for serious cyber offences and the dissemination of illegal content.
Digital platforms have been granted a 12-month transition period to comply with the new requirements.
The law is part of a broader push by Gabonese authorities to formalise digital governance and strengthen oversight of online communications.
However, analysts say the measures could pose significant operational challenges for global technology companies, which may need to adapt their systems to meet Gabon-specific identity verification and content moderation requirements.
The reforms have also sparked concerns among civil society groups over data protection and privacy, particularly given the requirement for centralised identity systems and increased monitoring of user activity.
While the government argues the law will enhance security and accountability, critics warn it could restrict freedom of expression and set a precedent for tighter digital controls in the region.
As implementation begins, attention will focus on how authorities balance enforcement with user rights — and whether major platforms will be able to comply within the stipulated timeframe.
